Capacitor shine na'urar da aka fi amfani da ita a cikin ƙirar kewaye, yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba a iya amfani da su ba, na'urar da ke aiki ita ce kawai buƙatar makamashi (lantarki) tushen na'urar da ake kira na'urar aiki, ba tare da makamashi (lantarki) tushen na'urar ba ta zama na'urar. .
Matsayi da amfani da capacitors gabaɗaya iri-iri ne, kamar: rawar kewayawa, yankewa, tacewa, ajiyar makamashi;A cikin kammala oscillation, aiki tare da kuma rawar da ake yi na lokaci-lokaci.
Dc keɓewa: Aikin shine don hana DC ta hanyar da barin AC ta.
Kewaya (decoupling): Yana ba da hanya mara ƙarfi don wasu abubuwa masu kama da juna a cikin da'irar AC.
Bypass capacitor: A bypass capacitor, kuma aka sani da decoupling capacitor, na'urar ajiyar makamashi ce da ke samar da makamashi ga na'ura.Yana amfani da mitar impedance halaye na capacitor, mitar halaye na manufa capacitor yayin da mitar karuwa, da impedance ragewa, kamar kandami, zai iya sa fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki fitarwa uniform, rage load ƙarfin lantarki hawa da sauka.Ya kamata capacitor na kewayawa ya kasance kusa da iyawa zuwa fil ɗin samar da wutar lantarki da filin ƙasa na na'urar lodi, wanda shine abin da ake buƙata na impedance.
Lokacin zana PCB, ba da kulawa ta musamman ga gaskiyar cewa kawai lokacin da yake kusa da wani abu ne zai iya kawar da yuwuwar haɓakar ƙasa da hayaniyar da ta haifar da matsanancin ƙarfin lantarki ko watsa siginar.Idan za a iya faɗi a bayyane, ɓangaren AC na wutar lantarki na DC yana haɗe da wutar lantarki ta hanyar capacitor, wanda ke taka rawar tsarkake wutar lantarki ta DC.C1 shine capacitor na kewayawa a cikin adadi mai zuwa, kuma zane ya kamata ya kasance kusa da IC1.
Decoupling capacitor: Capacitor na decoupling shi ne tsoma bakin siginar fitarwa a matsayin abin tacewa, na'urar cirewa tana daidai da baturi, amfani da cajinsa da fitarwa, ta yadda karfin siginar ba zai damu da maye gurbin na yanzu ba. .Ƙarfinsa ya dogara da mitar siginar da kuma matakin danne magudanar ruwa, kuma capacitor na decoupling shine ya taka rawar "baturi" don saduwa da canje-canje a cikin yanayin da'ira na yanzu da kuma guje wa tsoma baki tsakanin juna.
A haƙiƙanin na'urar capacitor na kewayawa an cire haɗe-haɗe, amma capacitor na kewaye gabaɗaya yana nufin maɗaukakin maɗaukakiyar kewayawa, wato, don haɓaka hayaniyar sauyawa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar sakin ƙasa mara ƙarfi.The high-mita kewaye capacitance ne gaba ɗaya karami, da kuma resonant mita ne kullum 0.1F, 0.01F, da dai sauransu Thearfin decoupling capacitor ne kullum babba, wanda zai iya zama 10F ko mafi girma, dangane da rarraba sigogi a cikin kewaye da kuma canji a halin yanzu.
Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su: hanyar wucewa shine don tace tsangwama a cikin siginar shigarwa a matsayin abu, kuma ƙaddamarwa shine don tace kutse a cikin siginar fitarwa a matsayin abu don hana siginar kutsawa komawa zuwa wutar lantarki.
Haɗin kai: Yana aiki azaman haɗi tsakanin da'irori biyu, yana barin siginar AC su wuce kuma a watsa su zuwa zagaye na gaba.
Ana amfani da capacitor azaman haɗin haɗin gwiwa don watsa tsohuwar siginar zuwa mataki na ƙarshe, da kuma toshe tasirin tsohon kai tsaye a matakin ƙarshe, don haka lalatawar kewayawa yana da sauƙi kuma aikin ya tsaya tsayin daka.Idan ƙararrawar siginar AC ba ta canzawa ba tare da capacitor ba, amma wurin aiki a kowane matakan yana buƙatar sake fasalin, saboda tasirin matakan gaba da baya, ƙaddamar da wurin aiki yana da wahala sosai, kuma kusan ba zai yuwu a cimma shi ba. matakan da yawa.
Tace: Wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci ga kewaye, capacitor bayan CPU shine ainihin wannan rawar.
Wato, mafi girman mitar f, ƙarami da impedance Z na capacitor.Lokacin da ƙananan mitar, capacitance C saboda impedance Z yana da girma, sigina masu amfani na iya wucewa lafiya;A babban mitar, capacitor C ya riga ya ƙanƙanta sosai saboda impedance Z, wanda yayi daidai da gajeriyar ƙarar ƙarar mita mai girma zuwa GND.
Tace aiki: manufa capacitance, da girma da capacitance, da karami impedance, mafi girma da mita wucewa.Electrolytic capacitors gabaɗaya sun fi 1uF, wanda ke da babban ɓangaren inductance, don haka impedance zai zama babba bayan babban mitar.Sau da yawa muna ganin cewa a wasu lokuta akwai babban capacitance electrolytic capacitor a layi daya tare da karamin capacitor, a haƙiƙa, babban capacitor ta hanyar ƙananan mitar, ƙarami mai ƙarfi ta hanyar mita mai yawa, ta yadda za a yi cikakken tace mafi girma da ƙananan mitoci.Mafi girman mitar capacitor, mafi girman attenuation, capacitor kamar tafki ne, ɗigon ruwa kaɗan bai isa ya haifar da babban canji a cikinsa ba, ma'ana, canjin wutar lantarki ba babban lokaci bane idan ana iya buffer wutar lantarki.
Hoto C2 Matsakaicin zafin jiki: Don haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na kewaye ta hanyar ramawa sakamakon rashin isasshen zafin jiki na sauran abubuwan.
Analysis: Saboda ƙarfin lokaci capacitor yana ƙayyade mitar oscillation na layin oscillator, ana buƙatar ƙarfin capacitor na lokaci don zama mai ƙarfi sosai kuma baya canzawa tare da canjin yanayin yanayin yanayi, don yin mitar oscillation na layin oscillator barga.Don haka, ana amfani da capacitors tare da madaidaitan ma'aunin zafin jiki mara kyau da mara kyau a layi daya don aiwatar da haɓakar zafin jiki.Lokacin da zafin aiki ya tashi, ƙarfin C1 yana ƙaruwa, yayin da ƙarfin C2 yana raguwa.Jimlar ƙarfin capacitors guda biyu a layi daya shine jimillar ƙarfin capacitors guda biyu.Tunda ƙarfin ɗaya yana ƙaruwa yayin da ɗayan ke raguwa, jimillar ƙarfin ba ya canzawa.Hakazalika, lokacin da aka rage yawan zafin jiki, ƙarfin capacitor ɗaya yana raguwa kuma ɗayan yana ƙaruwa, kuma ƙarfin duka ba ya canzawa, wanda ke daidaita mitar oscillation kuma ya cimma manufar biyan kuɗi.
Lokaci: Ana amfani da capacitor tare da resistor don tantance tsawon lokacin da'irar.
Lokacin da siginar shigarwa ya yi tsalle daga ƙasa zuwa babba, da'irar RC shine shigarwa bayan buffering 1. Halin cajin capacitor yana sa siginar a batu B ba tsalle nan da nan tare da siginar shigarwa ba, amma yana da tsari na karuwa a hankali.Lokacin da ya isa girma, buffer 2 yana juyawa, yana haifar da jinkirin tsalle daga ƙasa zuwa babba a fitarwa.
Tsawon lokaci: Ɗaukar haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira ta gama gari ta RC a matsayin misali, lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin siginar shigarwa zuwa ƙarshen shigarwar, ƙarfin lantarki a kan capacitor a hankali yana tashi.Cajin halin yanzu yana raguwa tare da haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki, ana haɗa resistor R da capacitor C a cikin jerin zuwa siginar shigarwa VI, da siginar fitarwa V0 daga capacitor C, lokacin da ƙimar RC (τ) da raƙuman murabba'in shigarwa. nisa tW saduwa: τ “tW”, ana kiran wannan da’irar haɗaɗɗiyar da’ira.
Kunnawa: Daidaita tsarin da'irori masu dogaro da mitoci, kamar wayoyin hannu, rediyo, da saitin talabijin.
Saboda resonant mita na wani IC kunna oscillating kewaye aiki ne na IC, mun gano cewa rabo daga matsakaicin zuwa mafi m resonant mita na oscillating kewaye ya bambanta da murabba'in tushen capacitance rabo.Matsakaicin ma'auni a nan yana nufin rabon ƙarfin ƙarfin lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa ƙarfin ƙarfin lokacin da wutar lantarki mai juzu'i ta kasance mafi girma.Saboda haka, da'irar dabi'a mai lankwasa na kewayawa (mitar nuna son kai) ita ce ma'anar parabola.
Rectifier: Kunna ko kashe wani nau'in sauya madubin da aka rufe a ƙayyadadden lokaci.
Ma'ajiyar makamashi: Adana makamashin lantarki don fitarwa idan ya cancanta.Kamar filasha kamara, kayan dumama, da sauransu.
Gabaɗaya, masu amfani da wutar lantarki za su kasance suna da rawar ajiyar makamashi, don na'urorin ajiyar makamashi na musamman, tsarin ma'aunin ajiyar makamashi mai ƙarfi biyu ne masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki da Faraday capacitors.Babban nau'in sa shine supercapacitor makamashi ajiya, wanda supercapacitors ne capacitors amfani da ka'idar biyu lantarki yadudduka.
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi a kan faranti guda biyu na supercapacitor, tabbataccen lantarki na farantin yana adana cajin mai kyau, kuma farantin da ba a so yana adana cajin mara kyau, kamar yadda a cikin capacitors na yau da kullum.Karkashin wutar lantarkin da cajin ke samarwa akan faranti biyu na supercapacitor, ana samun kishiyar caji akan mu’amalar da ke tsakanin na’urar lantarki da na’urar lantarki domin daidaita wutar lantarki ta cikin na’urar.
Ana shirya wannan tabbataccen cajin da mummunan cajin a wurare dabam-dabam akan fuskar tuntuɓar tsakanin bangarori biyu daban-daban tare da ɗan gajeren tazara tsakanin caji mai kyau da mara kyau, kuma wannan layin rarraba caji ana kiran shi Layer lantarki biyu, don haka ƙarfin lantarki yana da girma sosai.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-15-2023