1. Electrolytic capacitors
Electrolytic capacitors su ne capacitors da aka kafa ta hanyar oxidation Layer a kan lantarki ta hanyar aikin lantarki a matsayin Layer na insulating, wanda yawanci yana da babban iko. Electrolyte wani ruwa ne, mai kama da jelly mai arzikin ions, kuma galibin masu karfin wutan lantarki sune polar, wato lokacin aiki, karfin wutan lantarki mai inganci na capacitor yana bukatar ya kasance ko da yaushe ya fi karfin wutan lantarki.
Ana kuma sadaukar da babban ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki don wasu halaye masu yawa, kamar samun babban ɗigogi na halin yanzu, babban daidaitaccen jerin inductance da juriya, babban kuskuren haƙuri, da gajeriyar rayuwa.
Bugu da ƙari ga masu amfani da wutar lantarki na polar, akwai kuma masu ƙarfin lantarki waɗanda ba na polar electrolytic ba. A cikin adadi da ke ƙasa, akwai nau'ikan 1000uF, 16V electrolytic capacitors. Daga cikin su, mafi girma ba iyakacin duniya ba ne, kuma ƙarami shine iyakacin duniya.
(Non-polar and polar electrolytic capacitors)
Ciki na capacitor na electrolytic na iya zama ruwan lantarki ko kuma ƙwaƙƙwaran polymer, kuma kayan lantarki yawanci Aluminum (Aluminum) ko tantalum (Tandalum). Mai zuwa shine na yau da kullun na polar aluminum electrolytic capacitor a cikin tsarin, tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan lantarki guda biyu akwai Layer na takarda fiber da aka jiƙa a cikin electrolyte, tare da takardar insulating ta zama silinda, an rufe a cikin harsashi na aluminum.
(Tsarin ciki na electrolytic capacitor)
Dissecting da electrolytic capacitor, da asali tsarin za a iya gani a sarari. Don hana ƙazantar da ruwa da ɗigon lantarki, an gyara ɓangaren fil ɗin capacitor tare da roba mai rufewa.
Tabbas, adadi kuma yana nuna bambanci a cikin ƙarar ciki tsakanin polar da na polar electrolytic capacitors. A daidai wannan ƙarfin da matakin ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki wanda ba na polar electrolytic capacitor ba ya ninka girman na polar.
(Tsarin ciki na waɗanda ba na iyakacin duniya ba da kuma polar electrolytic capacitors)
Wannan bambance-bambancen ya samo asali ne daga babban bambanci a cikin yanki na lantarki a cikin capacitors guda biyu. Wutar lantarkin da ba na polar capacitor ba tana hannun hagu kuma igiyar igiya tana hannun dama. Baya ga bambancin yanki, kaurin wayoyin biyu kuma ya bambanta, kuma kaurin polar capacitor electrode ya fi siriri.
(Electrolytic capacitor aluminum takardar na daban-daban nisa)
2. Capacitor fashewa
Lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da capacitor ke amfani da shi ya wuce ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfinsa, ko kuma lokacin da polarity na wutar lantarki na polar electrolytic capacitor ya juya baya, capacitor leakage current zai tashi sosai, wanda zai haifar da karuwar zafin ciki na capacitor, da kuma electrolyte. zai samar da iskar gas mai yawa.
Don hana fashewar capacitor, akwai ragi guda uku da aka danna a saman gidan capacitor, don haka saman capacitor yana da sauƙi a karya a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba kuma ya saki matsa lamba na ciki.
(Taki mai fashewa a saman capacitor electrolytic)
Duk da haka, wasu capacitors a cikin samar da tsari, saman tsagi latsa ba ya cancanta, da matsa lamba a cikin capacitor zai sa sealing roba a kasa na capacitor ne ejected, a wannan lokaci da matsa lamba a cikin capacitor aka saki ba zato ba tsammani, zai samu. fashewa.
1, fashewar capacitor electrolytic mara iyaka
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna capacitor mara iyaka a hannu, mai ƙarfin 1000uF da ƙarfin lantarki na 16V. Bayan da ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi ya wuce 18V, ɗigogi na yanzu yana ƙaruwa ba zato ba tsammani, kuma zafin jiki da matsa lamba a cikin capacitor suna ƙaruwa. A ƙarshe, hatimin roba da ke ƙasan capacitor ya buɗe, kuma na'urorin lantarki na ciki sun farfasa kamar popcorn.
(non-Polar electrolytic capacitor overvoltage blasting)
Ta hanyar ɗaure thermocouple zuwa capacitor, yana yiwuwa a auna tsarin da yanayin zafin naúrar ke canzawa yayin da wutar lantarki da ake amfani da su ke ƙaruwa. Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna ma'auni mara iyaka a cikin tsarin haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki, lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi ya wuce ƙimar ƙarfin juriya, zafin jiki na ciki yana ci gaba da haɓaka tsari.
(Dangantaka tsakanin wutar lantarki da zafin jiki)
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna canjin halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar capacitor yayin wannan tsari. Ana iya ganin cewa karuwa a halin yanzu shine babban dalilin hawan zafi na ciki. A cikin wannan tsari, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa da layi, kuma yayin da halin yanzu ya tashi sosai, ƙungiyar samar da wutar lantarki ta sa wutar lantarki ta ragu. A ƙarshe, lokacin da halin yanzu ya wuce 6A, capacitor yana fashe da ƙara mai ƙarfi.
(Dangantaka tsakanin wutar lantarki da halin yanzu)
Saboda yawan girma na ciki na capacitor wanda ba polar electrolytic capacitor ba da kuma adadin electrolyte, matsa lamba da aka haifar bayan ambaliya yana da yawa, wanda ya haifar da tankin taimako na matsi a saman harsashi ba ya karye, kuma robar rufewa a kasa. na capacitor aka hura bude.
2, fashewar wutan lantarki na wutan lantarki
Don masu ƙarfin lantarki na polar, ana amfani da wutar lantarki. Lokacin da wutar lantarkin ya zarce ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin na'urar, ɗigon ruwa shima zai tashi da ƙarfi, wanda hakan zai sa capacitor yayi zafi da fashe.
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke da ƙarfin 1000uF da ƙarfin lantarki na 16V. Bayan overvoltage, ana fitar da tsarin matsa lamba na ciki ta hanyar tankin taimako na sama, don haka ana guje wa tsarin fashewar capacitor.
Hoto na gaba yana nuna yadda yanayin zafin capacitor ke canzawa tare da haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki da ake amfani da shi. Yayin da wutar lantarki a hankali ta ke gabatowa juriyar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na capacitor, ragowar halin yanzu na capacitor yana ƙaruwa, zafin jiki na ciki yana ci gaba da tashi.
(Dangantaka tsakanin wutar lantarki da zafin jiki)
Adadin da ke biye shi ne canjin yayyo halin yanzu na capacitor, wanda ake kira 16V electrolytic capacitor, a cikin gwajin gwajin, lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya wuce 15V, yayyowar capacitor ya fara tashi sosai.
(Dangantaka tsakanin wutar lantarki da halin yanzu)
Ta hanyar gwaji na farko biyu electrolytic capacitors, kuma za a iya ganin cewa ƙarfin lantarki iyaka irin 1000uF talakawa electrolytic capacitors. Don guje wa rushewar wutar lantarki mai girma na capacitor, lokacin amfani da capacitor na lantarki, ya zama dole a bar isassun gefe bisa ga ainihin canjin wutar lantarki.
3,electrolytic capacitors a cikin jerin
Inda ya dace, za a iya samun ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin juriya da haɗin kai, bi da bi.
(electrolytic capacitor popcorn bayan overpressure fashewa)
A wasu aikace-aikacen, ƙarfin lantarkin da ake amfani da shi a kan capacitor shine AC irin ƙarfin lantarki, kamar haɗakar capacitors na lasifika, alternating current period ramu, motor phase-changing capacitors, da dai sauransu, yana buƙatar amfani da na'urori masu amfani da wutar lantarki ba na polar electrolytic.
A cikin littafin jagorar mai amfani da wasu masana'antun capacitor suka bayar, an kuma ba da cewa yin amfani da na'urori masu ƙarfi na gargajiya ta hanyar baya-da-baya, wato capacitors guda biyu a jere tare, amma polarity ya sabawa don samun tasirin rashin ƙarfi. iyakacin duniya capacitors.
(electrolytic capacitance bayan overvoltage fashewa)
Mai zuwa shine kwatancen ma'aunin wutar lantarki a cikin aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki na gaba, jujjuya wutar lantarki, jeri na baya-baya na electrolytic capacitors zuwa lokuta uku na ƙarfin ƙarfin da ba na iyakacin duniya ba, canje-canje na yanzu tare da haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki da ake amfani da shi.
1. Gaban ƙarfin lantarki da yayyo halin yanzu
Ana auna abin da ke gudana ta cikin capacitor ta hanyar haɗa resistor a jere. A cikin kewayon juriyar ƙarfin lantarki na ƙarfin lantarki (1000uF, 16V), ƙarfin lantarki da ake amfani da shi yana ƙaruwa sannu a hankali daga 0V don auna alaƙar da ke tsakanin madaidaicin yayyowar halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki.
(positive series capacitance)
Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin zubewar halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki na madaidaicin aluminium electrolytic capacitor, wanda shine alakar da ba ta dace ba tare da ɗigogin halin yanzu da ke ƙasa 0.5mA.
(Dangantaka tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu bayan jerin gaba)
2, Juya wutar lantarki da yayyo halin yanzu
Yin amfani da wannan halin yanzu don auna alakar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarkin da aka yi amfani da ita da kuma na'urar wutar lantarki ta electrolytic capacitor leakage current, ana iya gani daga hoton da ke ƙasa cewa lokacin da wutar lantarkin da aka yi amfani da shi ya zarce 4V, ɗigon ruwan ya fara ƙaruwa da sauri. Daga gangara na lanƙwasa mai zuwa, ƙarfin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya yana daidai da juriya na 1 ohms.
(Juya dangantakar wutar lantarki tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu)
3. Baya-zuwa-baya jerin capacitors
Ana haɗa capacitors guda biyu iri ɗaya na electrolytic capacitors (1000uF, 16V) baya-da-baya a jeri don samar da na'ura mai kama da wutan lantarki wanda ba na iyakacin duniya ba, sannan kuma ana auna ma'aunin alakar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu.
(tabbatacce kuma korau jerin polarity capacitance)
Hoton da ke biye yana nuna dangantakar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarkin capacitor da ruwan ɗigo, kuma za ku ga cewa ruwan ɗigo yana ƙaruwa bayan ƙarfin lantarkin da ake amfani da shi ya wuce 4V, kuma girman na yanzu bai wuce 1.5mA ba.
Kuma wannan ma'aunin yana da ɗan ban mamaki, domin ka ga cewa leakage current na waɗannan capacitors guda biyu na baya-baya a haƙiƙa ya fi ɗigogi na capacitor guda ɗaya idan aka kunna wutar lantarki a gaba.
(Dangantaka tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu bayan jerin tabbatacce da mara kyau)
Duk da haka, saboda dalilai na lokaci, ba a sake yin gwajin wannan al'amari ba. Wataƙila ɗaya daga cikin capacitors ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi shine capacitor na gwajin wutar lantarki a yanzu, kuma an sami lalacewa a ciki, don haka an samar da layin gwajin da ke sama.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-25-2023
