Sarrafa guntu gabatarwar aji
Guntuwar sarrafawa galibi tana nufin MCU (Microcontroller Unit), wato, microcontroller, wanda kuma aka sani da guntu ɗaya, shine don rage mitar CPU da ƙayyadaddun bayanai daidai, da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, mai ƙidayar lokaci, juyawa A/D, agogo, I. /O tashar jiragen ruwa da serial sadarwa da sauran aiki kayayyaki da musaya hadedde a kan guntu guda. Gane aikin kula da tashar tashar, yana da fa'idodi na babban aiki, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, shirye-shirye da babban sassauci.
Tsarin MCU na matakin ma'aunin abin hawa
Automotive yanki ne mai mahimmanci na aikace-aikacen MCU, bisa ga bayanan IC Insights, a cikin 2019, aikace-aikacen MCU na duniya a cikin kayan lantarki na kera ya kai kusan 33%. Adadin MCUS da kowace mota ke amfani da shi a cikin manyan samfura yana kusa da 100, daga kwamfutoci masu tuƙi, kayan aikin LCD, zuwa injuna, chassis, manyan da ƙananan abubuwan da ke cikin motar suna buƙatar kulawar MCU.
A cikin farkon kwanakin, 8-bit da 16-bit MCUS an fi amfani da su a cikin motoci, amma tare da ci gaba da haɓaka injin lantarki da hankali, lamba da ingancin MCUS da ake buƙata suna ƙaruwa. A halin yanzu, adadin 32-bit MCUS a cikin MCUS na kera ya kai kusan 60%, wanda ARM's Cortex series kernel, saboda ƙarancin farashi da ingantaccen ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki, shine babban zaɓi na masana'antun MCU na kera motoci.
Babban sigogi na MCU na mota sun haɗa da ƙarfin aiki, mitar aiki, ƙarfin Flash da RAM, ƙirar mai ƙididdigewa da lambar tashar, ADC module da lambar tashar, nau'in mu'amalar sadarwa da lamba da lamba, shigarwa da fitarwa lambar tashar tashar I/O, zafin aiki, kunshin tsari da matakin aminci na aiki.
An raba ta da raƙuman CPU, MCUS na kera motoci ana iya raba shi zuwa 8 ragowa, 16 bits da 32 ragowa. Tare da haɓakar tsari, farashin 32-bit MCUS yana ci gaba da faɗuwa, kuma yanzu ya zama babban al'ada, kuma a hankali yana maye gurbin aikace-aikacen da kasuwannin da 8/16-bit MCUS ya mamaye a baya.
Idan aka raba bisa ga filin aikace-aikacen, ana iya raba motar MCU zuwa yankin jiki, yankin wutar lantarki, yankin chassis, yankin kokfit da yankin tuki mai hankali. Don yankin kokfit da yankin tuƙi mai hankali, MCU yana buƙatar samun babban ikon sarrafa kwamfuta da hanyoyin sadarwar waje mai sauri, kamar CAN FD da Ethernet. Yankin jiki kuma yana buƙatar ɗimbin hanyoyin mu'amalar sadarwa na waje, amma buƙatun ikon lissafi na MCU ba su da ɗanɗano kaɗan, yayin da yankin wutar lantarki da yankin chassis na buƙatar mafi girman zafin aiki da matakan aminci na aiki.
guntu sarrafa yanki na Chassis
Yankin Chassis yana da alaƙa da tuƙin abin hawa kuma ya ƙunshi tsarin watsawa, tsarin tuki, tsarin tuƙi da tsarin birki. Ya ƙunshi na'urori na ƙasa guda biyar, waɗanda suka haɗa da sitiya, birki, juyawa, maƙura da tsarin dakatarwa. Tare da haɓaka bayanan mota, fahimtar fahimta, tsara yanke shawara da sarrafa aiwatar da abubuwan hawa masu hankali sune tushen tsarin yankin chassis. Tuƙi-by-waya da tuƙi-by-waya su ne ainihin abubuwan da aka haɗa don ƙarshen zartarwa na tuƙi ta atomatik.
(1) Bukatun Aiki
Yankin chassis ECU yana amfani da babban aiki, dandamalin aminci na aiki mai daidaitawa kuma yana goyan bayan tarin firikwensin da firikwensin inertial masu yawan axis. Dangane da wannan yanayin aikace-aikacen, ana gabatar da buƙatu masu zuwa don yankin chassis MCU:
· Babban mitar da buƙatun ikon sarrafa kwamfuta, babban mitar ba ta ƙasa da 200MHz ba kuma ikon sarrafa kwamfuta bai gaza 300DMIPS ba.
Wurin ajiya na Flash bai gaza 2MB ba, tare da Flash code da partition Flash na bayanai;
RAM ba kasa da 512KB;
Babban buƙatun matakin aminci na aiki, na iya isa matakin ASIL-D;
· Taimakawa 12-bit madaidaicin ADC;
· Goyan bayan babban madaidaicin 32-bit, babban lokacin aiki tare;
· Taimakawa Multi-tashar CAN-FD;
· Tallafi ba kasa da 100M Ethernet ba;
Amintaccen ba kasa da AEC-Q100 Grade1;
· Tallafi haɓaka haɓaka kan layi (OTA);
· Goyan bayan aikin tabbatarwa na firmware (algorithm na sirri na kasa);
(2) Bukatun aiki
Bangaren kwaya:
I. Core mita: wato, mitar agogo lokacin da kernel ke aiki, wanda ake amfani da shi don wakiltar saurin siginar bugun jini na kernel, kuma babban mitar ba zai iya wakiltar saurin lissafin kernel kai tsaye ba. Gudun aikin kwaya shima yana da alaƙa da bututun kwaya, cache, saitin umarni, da sauransu.
II. Ƙarfin ƙididdiga: DMIPS yawanci ana iya amfani dashi don kimantawa. DMIPS naúrar ce da ke auna aikin dangi na haɗaɗɗiyar shirin ma'auni na MCU lokacin da aka gwada shi.
· Siffofin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya:
I. Ƙwaƙwalwar lamba: ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ake amfani da ita don adana lambar;
II. Ƙwaƙwalwar bayanai: ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ake amfani da ita don adana bayanai;
III.RAM: Ƙwaƙwalwar da ake amfani da ita don adana bayanan wucin gadi da code.
Bas ɗin sadarwa: gami da bas na musamman na mota da bas ɗin sadarwa na al'ada;
· Maɗaukaki masu mahimmanci;
· Yanayin aiki;
(3) Tsarin masana'antu
Kamar yadda gine-ginen lantarki da na lantarki da masu kera motoci daban-daban ke amfani da su za su bambanta, abubuwan da ake buƙata don yankin chassis zai bambanta. Saboda tsari daban-daban na samfura daban-daban na masana'antar mota iri ɗaya, zaɓin ECU na yankin chassis zai bambanta. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen zasu haifar da buƙatun MCU daban-daban don yankin chassis. Misali, Yarjejeniyar Honda tana amfani da kwakwalwan yanki na chassis na MCU guda uku, kuma Audi Q7 yana amfani da kwakwalwan MCU kusan 11 chassis yanki. A shekarar 2021, samar da motocin fasinja kirar kasar Sin ya kai kimanin miliyan 10, daga cikinsu matsakaicin bukatar yankin chassis na MCUS ya kai 5, kuma jimillar kasuwar ta kai kimanin miliyan 50. Manyan masu samar da MCUS a cikin yankin chassis sune Infineon, NXP, Renesas, Microchip, TI da ST. Waɗannan dillalai na ƙasa da ƙasa guda biyar suna lissafin sama da 99% na kasuwa don yankin chassis MCUS.
(4) Shingayen masana'antu
Daga mahimmin mahimmin ra'ayi na fasaha, abubuwan da ke cikin yankin chassis kamar EPS, EPB, ESC suna da alaƙa da amincin rayuwar direba, don haka matakin amincin aiki na yankin chassis MCU yana da girma sosai, asali ASIL-D. bukatun matakin. Wannan matakin amincin aiki na MCU babu kowa a China. Baya ga matakin aminci na aiki, yanayin aikace-aikacen abubuwan abubuwan chassis suna da babban buƙatu don mitar MCU, ƙarfin kwamfuta, ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, aikin gefe, daidaito na gefe da sauran fannoni. Yankin Chassis MCU ya haifar da babban shingen masana'antu, wanda ke buƙatar masana'antun MCU na gida don ƙalubale da karya.
Dangane da sarkar samar da kayayyaki, saboda buƙatun mita mai girma da ƙarfin ƙididdigewa don sarrafa guntu na sassan yanki na chassis, an gabatar da manyan buƙatu don tsari da aiwatar da samar da wafer. A halin yanzu, da alama ana buƙatar aƙalla tsarin 55nm don saduwa da buƙatun mitar MCU sama da 200MHz. A wannan yanayin, layin samar da MCU na cikin gida bai cika ba kuma bai kai matakin samar da yawa ba. Masana'antun semiconductor na kasa da kasa sun rungumi tsarin IDM, dangane da wuraren samar da wafer, a halin yanzu TSMC, UMC da GF ne kawai ke da damar da ta dace. Masu kera guntu na cikin gida duk kamfanonin Fabless ne, kuma akwai ƙalubale da wasu haɗari a masana'antar wafer da tabbacin iya aiki.
A cikin ainihin yanayin ƙididdiga kamar tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa, babban maƙasudin al'ada na al'ada yana da wahala don daidaitawa da buƙatun ƙididdiga na AI saboda ƙarancin ƙira, kuma kwakwalwan AI kamar Gpus, FPgas da ASics suna da kyakkyawan aiki a gefen kuma gajimare tare da nasu. halaye kuma ana amfani da su sosai. Daga hangen nesa na fasahar fasaha, GPU har yanzu zai kasance babban guntu AI a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma a cikin dogon lokaci, ASIC shine jagorar ƙarshe. Daga yanayin yanayin kasuwa, buƙatun duniya na kwakwalwan AI za su ci gaba da haɓaka haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma gajimare da kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna da babban ƙarfin haɓaka, kuma ana sa ran haɓakar kasuwar zai kusan kusan 50% a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. Kodayake tushen fasahar guntu na cikin gida yana da rauni, tare da saurin saukowa na aikace-aikacen AI, saurin ƙarar buƙatun guntu na AI yana haifar da dama ga fasaha da haɓaka haɓakar masana'antar guntu na gida. Tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa yana da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu akan ikon kwamfuta, jinkiri da aminci. A halin yanzu, GPU+FPGA mafita galibi ana amfani da su. Tare da kwanciyar hankali na algorithms da bayanan bayanan, ana tsammanin ASics za su sami sararin kasuwa.
Ana buƙatar sarari da yawa akan guntu na CPU don tsinkayar reshe da haɓakawa, adana jihohi daban-daban don rage jinkirin sauya aiki. Wannan kuma ya sa ya fi dacewa da sarrafa dabaru, aiki na siriyal da aiki na nau'in bayanai na gaba ɗaya. Ɗauki GPU da CPU a matsayin misali, idan aka kwatanta da CPU, GPU yana amfani da adadi mai yawa na raka'a na kwamfuta da kuma dogon bututu, kawai dabarar sarrafawa mai sauƙi da kuma kawar da Cache. CPU ba wai kawai ya mamaye sarari da yawa ta Cache ba, har ma yana da hadaddun dabaru na sarrafawa da da'irori masu haɓakawa da yawa, idan aka kwatanta da ikon sarrafa kwamfuta kaɗan ne kawai.
guntu sarrafa yanki mai ƙarfi
Mai sarrafa yankin wuta shine na'ura mai sarrafa wutar lantarki mai hankali. Tare da CAN / FLEXRAY don cimma nasarar watsa watsawa, sarrafa baturi, sa ido kan ƙa'idodin madadin, galibi ana amfani da su don haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki da sarrafawa, yayin da duka la'akari da kuskuren wutar lantarki na ceton wutar lantarki, sadarwar bas da sauran ayyuka.
(1) Bukatun Aiki
MCU yankin iko na iya tallafawa manyan aikace-aikace a cikin iko, kamar BMS, tare da buƙatu masu zuwa:
· Babban babban mitar, babban mitar 600MHz ~ 800MHz
RAM 4MB
Babban buƙatun matakin aminci na aiki, na iya isa matakin ASIL-D;
· Taimakawa Multi-tashar CAN-FD;
· Taimakawa 2G Ethernet;
Amintaccen ba kasa da AEC-Q100 Grade1;
· Goyan bayan aikin tabbatarwa na firmware (algorithm na sirri na kasa);
(2) Bukatun aiki
Babban aiki: Samfurin ya haɗa ARM Cortex R5 dual-core lock-step CPU da 4MB akan guntu SRAM don tallafawa haɓaka ƙarfin kwamfuta da buƙatun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na aikace-aikacen mota. ARM Cortex-R5F CPU har zuwa 800MHz. Babban aminci: Ma'aunin amincin abin hawa AEC-Q100 ya kai matakin digiri na 1, kuma matakin amincin aikin ISO26262 ya kai ASIL D. Matakin kulle-kulle na dual-core CPU na iya cimma har zuwa 99% ɗaukar hoto. Tsarin tsaro na bayanan da aka gina a ciki yana haɗa janareta na gaskiya na bazuwar, AES, RSA, ECC, SHA, da na'urorin haɓaka kayan aiki waɗanda suka dace da ƙa'idodin tsaro na Jiha da kasuwanci. Haɗin waɗannan ayyukan tsaro na bayanai na iya biyan buƙatun aikace-aikace kamar amintaccen farawa, amintaccen sadarwa, ingantaccen sabunta firmware da haɓakawa.
guntu sarrafa yankin jiki
Yankin jiki yana da alhakin sarrafa ayyuka daban-daban na jiki. Tare da haɓakar abin hawa, mai kula da yanki na jiki kuma yana da yawa, don rage farashin mai sarrafawa, rage nauyin abin hawa, haɗin kai yana buƙatar saka duk na'urorin aiki, daga ɓangaren gaba, tsakiya. wani bangare na mota da na baya na motar, kamar hasken birki na baya, hasken matsayi na baya, makullin ƙofar baya, har ma da sandar tsayawa sau biyu haɗakar haɗin kai zuwa jimlar sarrafawa.
Mai kula da yanki gabaɗaya yana haɗawa da BCM, PEPS, TPMS, Gateway da sauran ayyuka, amma kuma yana iya faɗaɗa daidaitawar wurin zama, sarrafa madubi na baya, kula da kwandishan da sauran ayyuka, cikakkiyar kulawa da haɗin kai na kowane mai kunnawa, ma'ana da ingantaccen rabon albarkatun tsarin. . Ayyukan mai kula da yankin jiki suna da yawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa, amma ba'a iyakance ga waɗanda aka jera a nan ba.
(1) Bukatun Aiki
Babban buƙatun na'urorin lantarki na kera motoci don kwakwalwan kwamfuta na MCU sune mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali, aminci, tsaro, ainihin lokacin da sauran halayen fasaha, da haɓaka aikin ƙira da ƙarfin ajiya, da ƙananan buƙatun index amfani. Mai kula da yanki na jiki ya canza sannu a hankali daga ƙaddamar da aikin aiki mai mahimmanci zuwa babban mai sarrafawa wanda ya haɗa dukkanin kayan aiki na kayan lantarki na jiki, ayyuka masu mahimmanci, fitilu, kofofi, Windows, da dai sauransu. Tsarin tsarin kula da yanki na jiki ya haɗa haske, wanke goge, tsakiya. Makullin ƙofa na sarrafawa, Windows da sauran sarrafawa, PEPS maɓallan hankali, sarrafa wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu Har ila yau ƙofa CAN, extensible CANFD da FLEXRAY, LIN cibiyar sadarwa, Ethernet dubawa da module ci gaban da fasaha fasaha.
Gabaɗaya, buƙatun aiki na ayyukan sarrafawa da aka ambata a sama don babban guntu mai sarrafawa na MCU a cikin yanki na jiki sun fi nunawa a cikin sassan ƙididdiga da aikin sarrafawa, haɗin kai na aiki, ƙirar sadarwa, da aminci. Dangane da takamaiman buƙatu, saboda bambance-bambancen aiki a cikin yanayin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen daban-daban a cikin yanki na jiki, kamar Windows mai ƙarfi, kujerun atomatik, wut ɗin lantarki da sauran aikace-aikacen jiki, har yanzu akwai manyan buƙatun sarrafa motoci masu inganci, irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen jiki suna buƙatar MCU don haɗa FOC lantarki sarrafa algorithm da sauran ayyuka. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin aikace-aikacen daban-daban a cikin yankin jiki suna da buƙatu daban-daban don daidaitawar haɗin guntu. Sabili da haka, yawanci ya zama dole don zaɓar yanki na MCU bisa ga ayyuka da buƙatun aiki na takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen, kuma akan wannan, auna ƙimar ƙimar samfurin gabaɗaya, iyawar samarwa da sabis na fasaha da sauran dalilai.
(2) Bukatun aiki
Babban alamun nuni na guntuwar MCU mai sarrafa yanki sune kamar haka:
Aiki: ARM Cortex-M4F@144MHz, 180DMIPS, ginanniyar cache koyarwar 8KB, goyan bayan shirin aiwatar da sashin hanzari na Flash 0 jira.
Babban ƙarfin rufaffiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya: har zuwa 512K Bytes eFlash, goyan bayan ɓoyayyen ajiya, sarrafa bangare da kariyar bayanai, goyan bayan tabbatarwar ECC, lokutan gogewa na 100,000, shekaru 10 na riƙe bayanai; 144K Bytes SRAM, goyon bayan daidaitattun kayan aiki.
Haɗe-haɗen mu'amalar sadarwa mai wadata: Taimakawa GPIO tashoshi da yawa, USART, UART, SPI, QSPI, I2C, SDIO, USB2.0, CAN 2.0B, Emac, DVP da sauran musaya.
Haɗaɗɗen na'urar kwaikwayo mai girma: Taimakawa 12bit 5Msps babban ADC mai sauri, dogo-zuwa dogo amplifier mai zaman kanta, babban kwatancen analog mai sauri, 12bit 1Msps DAC; Goyan bayan shigarwar waje mai zaman kanta tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki, maɓallin taɓawa mai ƙarfi da yawa; Mai sarrafa DMA mai girma.
Goyan bayan shigarwar agogon RC na ciki ko na waje, babban abin dogaro.
Gina-girma agogon RTC na ainihi, goyan bayan kalandar tsalle ta shekara, abubuwan ƙararrawa, farkawa na lokaci-lokaci.
Goyi bayan babban madaidaicin adadin lokacin ƙidayar lokaci.
Fasalolin tsaro matakin-hardware: Encryption algorithm na haɓaka injin haɓaka kayan aiki, tallafawa AES, DES, TDES, SHA1/224/256, SM1, SM3, SM4, SM7, MD5 algorithms; boye-boye ajiya na Flash, sarrafa bangare mai amfani da yawa (MMU), janareta na lambar bazuwar TRNG na gaskiya, aikin CRC16/32; Taimakawa kariyar rubutu (WRP), matakan kariya masu yawa (RDP) (L0/L1/L2); Goyan bayan farawa tsaro, zazzagewar ɓoyayyen shirin, sabunta tsaro.
Goyan bayan gazawar agogon saka idanu da sa ido kan lalata.
96-bit UID da 128-bit UCID.
Babban abin dogara ga yanayin aiki: 1.8V ~ 3.6V/-40 ℃ ~ 105 ℃.
(3) Tsarin masana'antu
Tsarin lantarki na yanki na jiki yana cikin farkon matakin girma ga kamfanoni na waje da na cikin gida. Kamfanoni na waje kamar BCM, PEPS, kofofi da Windows, masu kula da wurin zama da sauran samfuran aiki guda ɗaya suna da tarin fasaha mai zurfi, yayin da manyan kamfanonin ketare ke da fa'idar ɗaukar layin samfura, suna aza harsashi don yin samfuran haɗin gwiwar tsarin. . Kamfanonin cikin gida suna da wasu fa'idodi a cikin aikace-aikacen sabon jikin abin hawa makamashi. Ɗauki BYD a matsayin misali, a cikin sabuwar motar makamashi ta BYD, an raba yankin jiki zuwa hagu da dama, kuma samfurin haɗin tsarin yana sake tsarawa kuma an bayyana shi. Koyaya, dangane da guntuwar sarrafa yanki na jiki, babban mai siyar da MCU har yanzu shine Infineon, NXP, Renesas, Microchip, ST da sauran masana'antun guntu na ƙasa da ƙasa, da masu kera guntu na cikin gida a halin yanzu suna da ƙarancin kasuwa.
(4) Shingayen masana'antu
Daga mahangar sadarwa, akwai tsarin juyin halitta na gine-gine na al'ada-nau'in gine-gine-ginin dandali na Kwamfuta na ƙarshe. Canji a cikin saurin sadarwa, da kuma rage farashin ƙimar ƙididdiga na asali tare da babban aminci na aiki shine mabuɗin, kuma yana yiwuwa a hankali a hankali fahimtar dacewa da ayyuka daban-daban a matakin lantarki na ainihin mai sarrafawa a nan gaba. Misali, mai kula da yankin jiki na iya haɗa ayyukan BCM na al'ada, PEPS, da ripple anti-pinch. Idan aka kwatanta, shingen fasaha na guntu mai kula da yankin jiki sun kasance ƙasa da yankin wutar lantarki, yanki na kokfit, da dai sauransu, kuma ana sa ran kwakwalwan gida za su jagoranci yin babban ci gaba a cikin jiki kuma a hankali a hankali canza canjin gida. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, MCU na gida a cikin yankin jiki na gaba da kasuwar hawan baya yana da kyakkyawar ci gaba.
guntu mai sarrafa kokfit
Ƙaddamar da wutar lantarki, hankali da sadarwar sadarwa sun haɓaka haɓakar kayan aikin lantarki da lantarki na motoci zuwa jagorancin yanki, kuma kukfit yana tasowa cikin sauri daga tsarin nishaɗin sauti da bidiyo na abin hawa zuwa babban jirgin ruwa mai hankali. An gabatar da kokfit tare da haɗin gwiwar ɗan adam da na'ura mai kwakwalwa, amma ko tsarin bayanan bayanan da ya gabata ne ko kuma na yanzu mai hankali, ban da samun SOC mai ƙarfi tare da saurin kwamfuta, yana kuma buƙatar MCU na ainihi na gaske don magance shi. hulɗar bayanai tare da abin hawa. Sannu a hankali na haɓaka motocin da aka ayyana software, OTA da Autosar a cikin kokfit mai hankali yana sa buƙatun albarkatun MCU a cikin kwargin ƙara girma. Musamman da aka nuna a cikin karuwar buƙatun FLASH da ƙarfin RAM, buƙatun Ƙididdigar PIN shima yana ƙaruwa, ƙarin ayyuka masu rikitarwa suna buƙatar ƙarfin aiwatar da shirye-shirye, amma kuma suna da mafi kyawun hanyar mota.
(1) Bukatun Aiki
MCU a cikin ɗakin gida ya fi fahimtar tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki, sarrafa lokaci mai ƙarfi, sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa, ganewar asali, hulɗar bayanan abin hawa, maɓalli, sarrafa hasken baya, sarrafa sautin DSP/FM mai jiwuwa, sarrafa lokaci na tsarin da sauran ayyuka.
Abubuwan buƙatun albarkatun MCU:
· Babban mitar da wutar lantarki suna da wasu buƙatu, babban mitar ba ta ƙasa da 100MHz ba kuma ikon sarrafa kwamfuta bai gaza 200DMIPS ba;
Wurin ajiya na Flash bai gaza 1MB ba, tare da Flash code da partition Flash na bayanai;
RAM ba kasa da 128KB;
· Babban buƙatun matakin aminci na aiki, na iya isa matakin ASIL-B;
· Taimakawa ADC mai yawa tashoshi;
· Taimakawa Multi-tashar CAN-FD;
· Ƙa'idar abin hawa Grade AEC-Q100 Grade1;
· Tallafi akan haɓaka haɓakawa ta kan layi (OTA), bankin tallafin Flash dual;
SHE/HSM-hasken matakin da sama da injin ɓoye bayanan ana buƙatar don tallafawa farawa lafiya;
Ƙididdigar fil bai ƙasa da 100PIN ba;
(2) Bukatun aiki
IO yana goyan bayan wutar lantarki mai fadi (5.5v ~ 2.7v), tashar tashar IO tana goyan bayan amfani da karfin wuta;
Yawancin abubuwan shigar da sigina suna canzawa bisa ga ƙarfin lantarki na baturin samar da wutar lantarki, kuma yana iya faruwa fiye da ƙarfin wuta. Ƙarfafawa na iya inganta tsarin kwanciyar hankali da aminci.
Rayuwar ƙwaƙwalwa:
Rayuwar rayuwar motar ta wuce shekaru 10, don haka ajiyar shirin MCU na mota da adana bayanai yana buƙatar samun tsawon rai. Adana shirye-shirye da ajiyar bayanai suna buƙatar samun ɓangarori daban-daban na zahiri, kuma ajiyar shirye-shiryen yana buƙatar goge ƙasa kaɗan, don haka Endurance> 10K, yayin da ma'adinin yana buƙatar gogewa akai-akai, don haka yana buƙatar samun adadin lokuta masu yawa. . Koma zuwa alamar walƙiya bayanan Jimiri> 100K, shekaru 15 (<1K). Shekaru 10 (<100K).
Motar bas na sadarwa;
Nauyin sadarwar bas da ke kan abin hawa yana karuwa, don haka al'adar CAN CAN ta daina biyan buƙatun sadarwa, buƙatun CAN-FD mai sauri yana ƙaruwa, tallafawa CAN-FD a hankali ya zama ma'auni na MCU. .
(3) Tsarin masana'antu
A halin yanzu, rabon gida mai kaifin baki MCU har yanzu yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma manyan masu samar da kayayyaki har yanzu sune NXP, Renesas, Infineon, ST, Microchip da sauran masana'antun MCU na duniya. Yawancin masana'antun MCU na gida sun kasance a cikin shimfidar wuri, aikin kasuwa ya rage a gani.
(4) Shingayen masana'antu
Matsayin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun motar mota mai hankali da matakin aminci na aiki ba su da tsayi sosai, musamman saboda tarin sanin yadda, da buƙatar ci gaba da haɓaka samfura da haɓakawa. A lokaci guda kuma, saboda babu layukan samar da MCU da yawa a cikin fabs na cikin gida, tsarin yana da koma baya, kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci kaɗan don cimma tsarin samar da kayayyaki na ƙasa, kuma ana iya samun ƙarin farashi, da matsin lamba tare da gasar. masana'antun duniya sun fi girma.
Aikace-aikacen guntu mai kula da gida
Car kula da kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna yafi dogara ne a kan mota MCU, cikin gida manyan masana'antu irin su Ziguang Guowei, Huada Semiconductor, Shanghai Xinti, Zhaoyi Innovation, Jiefa Technology, Xinchi Technology, Beijing Junzheng, Shenzhen Xihua, Shanghai Qipuwei, National Technology, da dai sauransu, duk suna da. jerin samfuran MCU-mota, samfuran manyan samfuran ketare, a halin yanzu dangane da gine-ginen ARM. Wasu kamfanoni kuma sun gudanar da bincike da haɓaka gine-ginen RISC-V.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da guntu mai sarrafa abin hawa na cikin gida a kasuwannin gaban kayan lodi na motoci, kuma an yi amfani da shi akan motar a cikin yankin jiki da kuma bayanan bayanai, yayin da a cikin chassis, yankin wutar lantarki da sauran fagage, har yanzu ana mamaye shi. Ƙungiyoyin guntu na ƙasashen waje irin su stmicroelectronics, NXP, Texas Instruments, da Microchip Semiconductor, kuma ƴan kamfanonin cikin gida ne kawai suka fahimci aikace-aikacen samar da taro. A halin yanzu, mai kera guntu na gida Chipchi zai saki samfuran samfuran sarrafa guntu E3 masu inganci dangane da ARM Cortex-R5F a cikin Afrilu 2022, tare da matakin aminci na aiki ya kai ASIL D, matakin zafin jiki yana tallafawa AEC-Q100 Grade 1, mitar CPU har zuwa 800MHz , tare da har zuwa 6 CPU cores. Yana da mafi girman samfurin aiki a cikin ma'auni na abin hawa na yau da kullun na MCU, yana cika rata a cikin kasuwar babban matakin aminci matakin ƙimar abin hawa na MCU, tare da babban aiki da ingantaccen aminci, ana iya amfani dashi a cikin BMS, ADAS, VCU, ta -waya chassis, kayan aiki, HUD, madubi na baya mai hankali da sauran filayen sarrafa abin hawa. Fiye da abokan ciniki 100 sun karɓi E3 don ƙirar samfuri, gami da GAC, Geely, da sauransu.
Aikace-aikacen samfuran ainihin mai sarrafa gida
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-19-2023
