"Wata ma'aikaciyar jirgin China Southern Airlines 'yar shekara 23 ta samu wutar lantarki yayin da take magana ta wayar iPhone5 yayin da take caji", labarin ya ja hankalin jama'a a yanar gizo. Shin caja na iya jefa rayuka cikin hatsari? Masana sun yi nazari kan kwararar wutar lantarki da ke cikin cajar wayar salula, da 220VAC da ke canza ruwan zuwa karshen DC, kuma ta hanyar layin bayanan zuwa harsashin karfen wayar, kuma daga karshe ya haifar da wutar lantarki, lamarin da ba zai iya jurewa ba.
To me yasa fitar da cajar wayar hannu ke zuwa da 220V AC? Menene ya kamata mu mai da hankali a cikin zaɓin keɓewar samar da wutar lantarki? Yadda za a bambanta tsakanin keɓaɓɓen kayan wutar lantarki da waɗanda ba keɓantacce ba? Ra'ayi gama gari a masana'antar shine:
1. Keɓewar wutar lantarki: Babu haɗin wutar lantarki kai tsaye tsakanin madauki na shigarwa da madauki na wutar lantarki, kuma shigarwa da fitarwa suna cikin yanayin juriya mai ƙarfi ba tare da madauki na yanzu ba, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1:
2, samar da wutar lantarki mara ware:akwai madauki na yau da kullun kai tsaye tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa, alal misali, shigarwa da fitarwa na gama gari. Ana ɗaukar keɓantaccen da'irar da'ira da kewayen BUCK a matsayin misalan, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2.Hoto na 1 Ya ware wutar lantarki tare da taransfoma.
1.A abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da keɓaɓɓen samar da wutar lantarki da kuma ba ware wutar lantarki
Bisa ga ra'ayoyin da ke sama, don tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na kowa, samar da wutar lantarki da ba a keɓe ba ya haɗa da Buck, Boost, Buck-boost, da dai sauransu. Ƙwararren wutar lantarki yana da nau'o'in flyback, gaba, rabin gada, LLC da kuma sauran topologies tare da warewa tasfoma.
Haɗe tare da keɓantaccen wutar lantarki da aka saba amfani da su, za mu iya samun wasu fa'idodi da rashin amfanin su, fa'ida da rashin amfanin su biyun kusan gaba ɗaya ne.
Don amfani da keɓe ko keɓe kayan wuta, ya zama dole a fahimci yadda ainihin aikin ke buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki, amma kafin hakan, zaku iya fahimtar babban bambance-bambance tsakanin keɓantaccen wutar lantarki da kuma waɗanda ba a haɗa su ba:
① Tsarin keɓewa yana da babban abin dogaro, amma babban farashi da ƙarancin inganci.
②Tsarin tsarin ƙirar da ba a keɓance shi ba yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, ƙarancin farashi, babban inganci, da rashin aikin tsaro mara kyau.
Don haka, a cikin lokuta masu zuwa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da keɓewar wutar lantarki:
① Haɗa yiwuwar girgizar wutar lantarki, kamar ɗaukar wutar lantarki daga grid zuwa lokatai masu ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC, buƙatar amfani da keɓaɓɓen wutar lantarki na AC-DC;
② Bas ɗin sadarwar serial yana watsa bayanai ta hanyar cibiyoyin sadarwa na zahiri kamar RS-232, RS-485 da cibiyar sadarwar yanki mai kulawa (CAN). Kowane ɗayan waɗannan na'urori masu alaƙa suna sanye take da nasa wutar lantarki, kuma nisa tsakanin tsarin galibi yana da nisa. Sabili da haka, yawanci muna buƙatar ware wutar lantarki don keɓewar lantarki don tabbatar da tsaro na jiki na tsarin. Ta hanyar keɓancewa da yanke madauki na ƙasa, ana kiyaye tsarin daga tasirin ƙarfin lantarki mai ɗan lokaci kuma ana rage murɗawar siginar.
③ Don tashoshin I / O na waje, don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin, ana ba da shawarar ware wutar lantarki na tashoshin I / O.
Teburin da aka taƙaita yana nunawa a cikin Table 1, kuma fa'idodi da rashin amfanin biyun sun kusan sabawa.
Tebura 1 Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na keɓaɓɓen kayan wutar lantarki da waɗanda ba a keɓe ba
2, The zabi na ware iko da kuma wadanda ba ware iko
Ta hanyar fahimtar fa'idodi da rashin amfani na keɓantaccen wutar lantarki da waɗanda ba keɓantacce ba, kowanne yana da nasa fa'idar, kuma mun sami damar yanke ingantaccen hukunci game da wasu zaɓuɓɓukan samar da wutar lantarki gama gari:
① Ana amfani da wutar lantarki na tsarin gabaɗaya don haɓaka aikin hana tsangwama da tabbatar da aminci.
② Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na IC ko wani ɓangare na da'ira a cikin allon kewayawa, farawa daga farashi - tasiri da girma, fifikon amfani da tsare-tsaren ba ware.
③ Don buƙatun aminci don tsaro, idan kuna buƙatar haɗa AC-DC na Wutar Lantarki na Municipal, ko samar da wutar lantarki don amfanin likita, don tabbatar da amincin mutum, dole ne ku yi amfani da wutar lantarki. A wasu lokuta, dole ne ka yi amfani da wutar lantarki don ƙarfafa keɓewa.
④ Don samar da wutar lantarki na sadarwa na masana'antu mai nisa, don rage tasirin bambance-bambancen yanki da kuma kutsewar haɗin waya, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don rarraba wutar lantarki don kunna kowane kumburin sadarwa shi kaɗai.
⑤ Don amfani da wutar lantarki, ana amfani da wutar lantarki mara keɓancewa don tsananin rayuwar batir.
Ta hanyar fahimtar fa'idodi da rashin amfani na keɓancewa da ikon keɓewa, suna da fa'idodin nasu. Don wasu ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki da aka saba amfani da su, za mu iya taƙaita lokutan zaɓin sa.
1.Isolation samar da wutar lantarki
Don inganta aikin hana tsangwama da tabbatar da dogaro, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don amfani da keɓewa.
Don buƙatun aminci don tsaro, idan kuna buƙatar haɗawa da AC-DC na Wutar Lantarki ta Municipal, ko samar da wutar lantarki don amfanin likita, da kayan aikin farar fata, don tabbatar da amincin mutum, dole ne ku yi amfani da wutar lantarki. kamar MPS MP020, don ainihin ra'ayin AC-DC, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen 1 ~ 10W;
Don samar da wutar lantarki na hanyoyin sadarwa na masana'antu mai nisa, don rage tasirin bambance-bambancen yanki da kuma tsangwama ta hanyar haɗin waya, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don samar da wutar lantarki daban don kunna kowace kumburin sadarwa ita kaɗai.
2. Rashin keɓewar wutar lantarki
Ana amfani da IC ko wasu da'ira a cikin allon kewayawa ta hanyar ƙimar farashi da girma, kuma an fi son maganin rashin keɓewa; kamar MPS MP150/157/MP174 jerin buck ba ware AC-DC, dace da 1 ~ 5W;
Dangane da yanayin ƙarfin aiki da ke ƙasa da 36V, ana amfani da baturi don samar da wuta, kuma akwai ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu don juriya, kuma an fi son samar da wutar lantarki mara ware, kamar MP2451/MPQ2451 na MPS.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na keɓewar ikon keɓewa da samar da wutar lantarki marasa keɓewa
Ta hanyar fahimtar fa'idodi da rashin amfani na keɓewa da wadatar wutar lantarki, suna da fa'idodin nasu. Don wasu zaɓin samar da wutar lantarki da aka saba amfani da su, za mu iya bin sharuɗɗan hukunci masu zuwa:
Don buƙatun aminci, idan kuna buƙatar haɗawa da AC-DC na Wutar Lantarki ta Municipal, ko samar da wutar lantarki don likitanci, don tabbatar da amincin mutum, dole ne ku yi amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da wasu lokuta. inganta keɓewar wutar lantarki.
Gabaɗaya, buƙatun don keɓancewar wutar lantarki na module ba su da girma sosai, amma mafi girman keɓancewar wutar lantarki na iya tabbatar da cewa samar da wutar lantarki na module yana da ƙaramin yayyo halin yanzu, tsaro mafi girma da aminci, kuma halayen EMC sun fi kyau. Don haka Babban keɓewar ƙarfin lantarki yana sama da 1500VDC.
3, taka tsantsan ga zaɓi na keɓe ikon module
Juriyar keɓewar wutar lantarki kuma ana kiranta ƙarfin ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin ma'aunin GB-4943 na ƙasa. Wannan ma'auni na GB-4943 shine matakan tsaro na kayan aikin bayanai da muke yawan faɗi, don hana mutane zama ma'auni na zahiri da na lantarki na ƙasa, gami da gujewa gujewa mutane suna lalacewa ta hanyar lalata girgizar lantarki, lalacewar jiki, fashewa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa, tsarin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.
Jadawalin tsarin ikon keɓewa
A matsayin mahimmin mai nuna ikon ƙirar, madaidaicin keɓewa da hanyar gwaji mai juriya kuma an ƙera shi a cikin ma'auni. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da gwajin haɗin kai daidai lokacin gwaji mai sauƙi. Tsarin tsarin haɗin kai shine kamar haka:
Mahimmin zane na juriya na keɓewa
Hanyoyin Gwaji:
Saita ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙayyadadden ƙimar juriya na ƙarfin lantarki, an saita halin yanzu azaman ƙayyadadden ƙimar yayyo, kuma an saita lokacin zuwa ƙayyadadden ƙimar lokacin gwaji;
Mitoci masu aiki suna fara gwaji kuma su fara latsawa. A lokacin gwajin da aka wajabta, tsarin ya kamata ya zama mara kyau kuma ba shi da baka.
Lura cewa ya kamata a zaɓi tsarin ƙarfin walda a lokacin gwaji don guje wa maimaita walda da lalata tsarin wutar lantarki.
Bugu da kari, kula:
1. Kula da ko AC-DC ne ko DC-DC.
2. Keɓancewa na keɓancewar wutar lantarki. Misali, ko 1000V DC ya cika buƙatun rufi.
3. Ko keɓancewar tsarin wutar lantarki yana da cikakkiyar gwajin dogaro. Ya kamata a yi samfurin wutar lantarki ta hanyar gwajin aiki, gwajin haƙuri, yanayi na wucin gadi, gwajin aminci, gwajin dacewa na EMC, gwaji mai girma da ƙananan zafin jiki, matsananciyar gwaji, gwajin rayuwa, gwajin tsaro, da sauransu.
4. Ko layin samarwa na keɓaɓɓen tsarin wutar lantarki ya daidaita. Layin samar da wutar lantarki yana buƙatar wuce wasu takaddun shaida na duniya kamar ISO9001, ISO14001, OHSAS18001, da sauransu, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3 da ke ƙasa.
Hoto 3 Takaddun shaida na ISO
5. Ko an yi amfani da tsarin keɓewar wutar lantarki ga wurare masu tsauri kamar masana'antu da motoci. Tsarin wutar lantarki ba wai kawai ana amfani da shi ga yanayin masana'antu masu tsanani ba, har ma a cikin tsarin gudanarwa na BMS na sababbin motocin makamashi.
4,Tya tsinkayi ikon keɓewa da ikon rashin kaɗaici
Da farko dai, an yi bayanin rashin fahimta: Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa wutar lantarki ba ta keɓe ba ta kai wutar keɓewa, saboda keɓantaccen wutar lantarki yana da tsada, don haka dole ne ya yi tsada.
Me ya sa ya fi kyau a yi amfani da ikon keɓewa fiye da rashin ware a cikin tunanin kowa a yanzu? A gaskiya ma, wannan ra'ayin shine ya zauna a cikin ra'ayin 'yan shekarun da suka wuce. Saboda kwanciyar hankali da rashin keɓewa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, hakika babu keɓewa da kwanciyar hankali, amma tare da sabunta fasahar R&D, rashin warewar yanzu ya balaga sosai kuma yana samun kwanciyar hankali. Da yake magana game da tsaro, a zahiri, ikon da ba na ware shi ma yana da aminci sosai. Muddin tsarin ya ɗan canza, har yanzu yana da lafiya ga jikin ɗan adam. Dalili ɗaya, ikon rashin keɓewa kuma yana iya wuce matakan tsaro da yawa, kamar: Ultovsaace.
A haƙiƙa, tushen lalacewar wutar lantarkin da ba keɓancewa ba yana faruwa ne ta hanyar haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshen layin wutar AC. Hakanan ana iya cewa igiyar walƙiya tana karuwa. Wannan irin ƙarfin lantarki shine babban ƙarfin lantarki nan take a ƙarshen layin wutar AC guda biyu, wani lokacin ma ya kai volts dubu uku. Amma lokacin yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma makamashi yana da ƙarfi sosai. Hakan zai faru ne a lokacin da aka yi aradu, ko kuma a layin AC guda, idan aka katse babban kaya, domin inertia na yanzu ma zai faru. Keɓewar BUCK za ta isar da kayan aiki nan take, ta lalata zoben ganowa akai-akai, ko ƙara lalata guntu, haifar da 300V ta wuce, kuma ta ƙone dukkan fitilar. Don keɓewar samar da wutar lantarki, MOS za ta lalace. Al'amarin shine ajiya, guntu, da bututun MOS sun ƙone. Yanzu samar da wutar lantarki ta LED ba ta da kyau yayin amfani, kuma fiye da 80% sune waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu iri ɗaya. Bugu da kari, kananan wutar lantarkin, ko da kuwa na’urar adaftar wutar lantarki ne, sau da yawa wannan al’amari yakan lalace, wanda ke haifar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar igiyar wuta, kuma a cikin wutar lantarki ta LED, ya fi yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda halayen halayen LED suna jin tsoron raƙuman ruwa. Wutar lantarki.
Bisa ga ka'idar gabaɗaya, ƙananan abubuwan da ke cikin da'irar lantarki, mafi girman abin dogara, da kuma raguwa mafi yawan amincin hukumar da'ira. A haƙiƙa, da'irori marasa keɓewa ba su kai na keɓewa ba. Me yasa amincin keɓewar keɓewar ke da girma? A gaskiya, ba amintacce ba ne, amma da'irar da ba ta ware ba tana da matukar damuwa ga hawan jini, rashin iya hanawa, da kuma keɓewa, saboda makamashin ya fara shiga cikin na'ura, sa'an nan kuma ɗaukar shi zuwa nauyin LED daga na'urar. Da'irar buck wani bangare ne na shigar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa nauyin LED. Sabili da haka, na farko yana da damar da za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar karuwa a cikin raguwa da raguwa, don haka yana da ƙananan. A haƙiƙa, matsalar rashin keɓancewa ta samo asali ne saboda matsalar hawan jini. A halin yanzu, wannan matsalar ita ce fitilun LED kawai za a iya gani daga yuwuwar ana iya ganin su daga yuwuwar. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa ba su ba da shawarar kyakkyawar hanyar rigakafi ba. Mutane da yawa ba su san menene ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba, mutane da yawa. Fitilolin LED sun karye, kuma ba za a iya samun dalilin ba. A ƙarshe, jumla ɗaya ce kawai. Abin da wannan wutar lantarki ba shi da kwanciyar hankali kuma za a daidaita shi. Ina takamaiman rashin kwanciyar hankali, bai sani ba.
Rashin keɓewar wutar lantarki yana da inganci, kuma na biyu shine farashin ya fi fa'ida.
Ƙarfin da ba keɓewa ya dace da lokuta: Da farko, fitilu na cikin gida ne. Wannan yanayin wutar lantarki na cikin gida ya fi kyau kuma tasirin raƙuman ruwa kaɗan ne. Na biyu, lokacin amfani shine ƙananan - ƙarfin lantarki da ƙananan halin yanzu. Rashin kadaici ba shi da ma'ana ga ƙananan ƙarancin wutar lantarki, saboda ingancin ƙarancin wutar lantarki da manyan igiyoyin ruwa ba su da girma fiye da keɓewa, kuma farashin yana da ƙasa da yawa. Na uku, ana amfani da wutar lantarkin da ba keɓantacce ba a cikin ingantaccen yanayi. Tabbas, idan akwai hanyar da za a magance matsalar murkushe cutar, za a fadada kewayon aikace-aikacen da ba na keɓewa ba sosai!
Saboda matsalar igiyar ruwa, bai kamata a yi la'akari da yawan lalacewa ba. Gabaɗaya, nau'in dawowar da aka gyara, lalacewar inshora, guntu, da na farko na MOS yakamata suyi tunanin matsalar raƙuman ruwa. Don rage yawan lalacewa, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da abubuwan haɓaka lokacin zayyana, ko barin masu amfani lokacin amfani da su, da ƙoƙarin guje wa haɓaka. (Kamar fitilun cikin gida, kashe shi na ɗan lokaci lokacin da kuke faɗa)
A taƙaice dai, amfani da keɓancewa da rashin keɓewa sau da yawa yana faruwa ne saboda matsalar hawan igiyar ruwa, kuma matsalar igiyar ruwa da yanayin wutar lantarki suna da alaƙa da juna. Don haka, sau da yawa amfani da keɓancewar wutar lantarki da wadatar wutar lantarki ba za a iya yanke ɗaya bayan ɗaya ba. Farashin yana da fa'ida sosai, don haka ya zama dole a zaɓi rashin keɓewa ko keɓewa azaman wadatar wutar lantarki ta LED.
5. Takaitawa
Wannan labarin yana gabatar da bambance-bambance tsakanin keɓewa da ikon keɓewa, da kuma fa'idodi da rashin amfaninsu, lokutan daidaitawa, da zaɓin zaɓin ikon keɓewa. Ina fatan injiniyoyi za su iya amfani da wannan azaman abin tunani a ƙirar samfura. Kuma bayan samfurin ya gaza, saita matsala da sauri.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-08-2023
