Daga ƙwararrun hangen nesa, tsarin samar da guntu yana da matukar rikitarwa kuma yana da wahala. Duk da haka, daga cikakken jerin masana'antu na IC, an raba shi zuwa sassa hudu: IC zane → IC masana'antu → marufi → gwaji.
Tsarin samar da guntu:
1. Chip zane
Guntu samfuri ne mai ƙaramin ƙara amma ainihin madaidaicin gaske. Don yin guntu, ƙira shine ɓangaren farko. Tsarin yana buƙatar taimakon ƙirar guntu na ƙirar guntu da ake buƙata don aiki tare da taimakon kayan aikin EDA da wasu nau'ikan IP.
Tsarin samar da guntu:
1. Chip zane
Guntu samfuri ne mai ƙaramin ƙara amma ainihin madaidaicin gaske. Don yin guntu, ƙira shine ɓangaren farko. Tsarin yana buƙatar taimakon ƙirar guntu na ƙirar guntu da ake buƙata don aiki tare da taimakon kayan aikin EDA da wasu nau'ikan IP.
3. Silicon - dagawa
Bayan an raba siliki, an watsar da sauran kayan. Silica mai tsabta bayan matakai da yawa sun kai ingancin masana'antar semiconductor. Wannan shine abin da ake kira siliki na lantarki.
4. Silicon - jefa ingots
Bayan tsaftacewa, ya kamata a jefa siliki a cikin ingots na siliki. Krystal guda ɗaya na silicon-grade silicon bayan an jefa shi cikin ingot yana auna kusan 100 kg, kuma tsarkin silicon ya kai 99.9999%.
5. sarrafa fayil
Bayan an jefar da siliki, dole ne a yanke duk ingot ɗin siliki zuwa guntu, wato wafer ɗin da muke kira wafer, mai sirara sosai. Daga baya, wafer ɗin yana goge har sai cikakke, kuma saman yana da santsi kamar madubi.
Diamita na wafer silicon shine 8-inch (200mm) da 12-inch (300mm) a diamita. Mafi girman diamita, ƙananan farashin guntu guda ɗaya, amma mafi girman wahalar sarrafawa.
5. sarrafa fayil
Bayan an jefar da siliki, dole ne a yanke duk ingot ɗin siliki zuwa guntu, wato wafer ɗin da muke kira wafer, mai sirara sosai. Daga baya, wafer ɗin yana goge har sai cikakke, kuma saman yana da santsi kamar madubi.
Diamita na wafer silicon shine 8-inch (200mm) da 12-inch (300mm) a diamita. Mafi girman diamita, ƙananan farashin guntu guda ɗaya, amma mafi girman wahalar sarrafawa.
7. Eclipse da allurar ion
Da farko, ya zama dole a lalata silicon oxide da silicon nitride fallasa a waje da photoresisist, da kuma hado wani Layer na silicon don rufe tsakanin crystal tube, sa'an nan kuma amfani da etching fasahar don fallasa silicon kasa. Daga nan sai a zuba boron ko phosphorus a cikin tsarin siliki, sannan a cika tagulla don haɗawa da sauran transistor, sannan a shafa wani Layer na manne a kai don yin tsarin tsarin. Gabaɗaya, guntu yana ƙunshe da ɗimbin yadudduka, kamar manyan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa.
7. Eclipse da allurar ion
Da farko, ya zama dole a lalata silicon oxide da silicon nitride fallasa a waje da photoresisist, da kuma hado wani Layer na silicon don rufe tsakanin crystal tube, sa'an nan kuma amfani da etching fasahar don fallasa silicon kasa. Daga nan sai a zuba boron ko phosphorus a cikin tsarin siliki, sannan a cika tagulla don haɗawa da sauran transistor, sannan a shafa wani Layer na manne a kai don yin tsarin tsarin. Gabaɗaya, guntu yana ƙunshe da ɗimbin yadudduka, kamar manyan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-08-2023
