Motar man fetur na gargajiya na buƙatar kusan guntu 500 zuwa 600, kuma kusan motoci masu haɗaɗɗen haske 1,000, haɗaɗɗen haɗaɗɗen haɗaɗɗun da motocin lantarki masu tsafta suna buƙatar aƙalla guntu 2,000.
Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin saurin haɓaka motocin lantarki masu wayo, ba wai kawai buƙatun na'urorin na'urori masu ƙarfi sun ci gaba da ƙaruwa ba, har ma da buƙatar guntuwar gargajiya za ta ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Wannan shine MCU. Baya ga karuwar adadin kekuna, mai sarrafa yanki kuma yana kawo sabbin buƙatu don babban tsaro, babban abin dogaro, da babban ikon sarrafa kwamfuta MCU.
MCU, MicroController Unit, wanda aka sani da guda-chip microcomputer/microcontroller/single-chip microcomputer, yana haɗa CPU, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da ayyuka na gefe akan guntu guda don samar da kwamfuta mai matakin guntu tare da aikin sarrafawa. Ana amfani da shi musamman don cimma sarrafa sigina da sarrafawa. Jigon tsarin kula da hankali.
MCUs da na'urorin lantarki na kera motoci, masana'antu, kwamfutoci da hanyoyin sadarwa, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, na'urorin gida da Intanet na Abubuwa suna da alaƙa da rayuwarmu. Lantarki na Mota ita ce kasuwa mafi girma a cikin kayan lantarki na kera motoci, kuma motocin lantarki suna lissafin kashi 33% a duniya.
Tsarin MCU
MCU ya ƙunshi CPU na tsakiya, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (ROM da RAM), shigarwa da fitarwa I/O interface, tashar tashar jiragen ruwa, counter, da sauransu.
CPU: Central Processing Unit, tsakiya mai sarrafawa, shine ainihin abin da ke cikin MCU. Abubuwan da aka haɗa zasu iya kammala aikin dabaru na ƙididdiga na bayanai, sarrafa ɗan ƙaramin aiki, da aikin watsa bayanai. Sassan sarrafawa suna daidaita aikin daidai da wani takamaiman lokaci a jere don bincika da aiwatar da umarnin.
ROM: Read-only Memory shi ne memory na shirye-shirye da ake amfani da su adana shirye-shirye da masana'antun rubuta. Ana karanta bayanin ta hanyar da ba ta lalacewa ba. Mahimmanci
RAM: Random Access Memory, shi ne ma'adanin bayanai da ke musayar bayanai kai tsaye tare da CPU, kuma ba za a iya kiyaye bayanan bayan an rasa wutar lantarki ba. Ana iya rubutawa da karanta shirin a kowane lokaci lokacin da ake aiki, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi azaman wurin ajiyar bayanai na wucin gadi don tsarin aiki ko wasu shirye-shirye masu gudana.
Dangantaka tsakanin CPU da MCU:
CPU shine jigon sarrafa aiki. Baya ga CPU, MCU kuma yana ƙunshe da ROM ko RAM, wanda shine guntu-matakin guntu. Waɗannan su ne SOC (System On Chip), waɗanda ake kira tsarin-level chips waɗanda ke iya adanawa da gudanar da lambar matakin tsarin, gudanar da QNX, Linux da sauran tsarin aiki, gami da na'urori masu sarrafawa da yawa (CPU+GPU+DSP+NPU+storage). + Interface Unit).
MCU lambobi
Lambar tana nufin faɗin MCU kowane bayanan sarrafawa. Mafi girman adadin lambobi, mafi ƙarfin ƙarfin sarrafa bayanai na MCU. A halin yanzu, mafi mahimmanci shine lambobi 8, 16, da 32, waɗanda 32 bits ke lissafin mafi yawa kuma suna girma cikin sauri.
A cikin aikace-aikacen lantarki na motoci, farashin 8-bit MCU yana da ƙasa kuma yana da sauƙin haɓakawa. A halin yanzu, galibi ana amfani dashi don sarrafawa mai sauƙi, kamar walƙiya, ruwan sama, tagogi, kujeru, da kofofi. Koyaya, don ƙarin rikitattun al'amura, kamar nunin kayan aiki, tsarin bayanan nishaɗin abin hawa, tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki, chassis, tsarin taimakon tuƙi, da sauransu, galibi 32-bit, da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar keɓaɓɓiyar lantarki, hankali, da hanyar sadarwa, ikon sarrafa kwamfuta. Bukatun MCU kuma suna karuwa kuma suna karuwa.
Tabbatar da motar MCU
Kafin mai siyar da MCU ya shiga tsarin sarkar samar da kayayyaki na OEM, gabaɗaya ya zama dole don kammala manyan takaddun shaida guda uku: matakin ƙira dole ne ya bi ka'idodin tsaro na ISO 26262, matakin kwarara da marufi dole ne su bi AEC-Q001 ~ 004 da IATF16949, kamar yadda haka kuma yayin matakin gwajin takaddun shaida Bi AEC-Q100/Q104.
Daga cikin su, ISO 26262 yana bayyana matakan tsaro guda huɗu na ASIL, daga ƙasa zuwa babba, A, B, C, da D; An raba AEC-Q100 zuwa matakan dogaro guda huɗu, daga ƙasa zuwa babba, 3, 2, 1, da 0, bi da bi, 3, 2, 1, da 0 Essence AEC-Q100 jerin takaddun shaida gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar shekaru 1-2, yayin da Takaddun shaida na ISO 26262 ya fi wahala kuma sake zagayowar ya fi tsayi.
Aikace-aikacen MCU a cikin masana'antar abin hawa mai kaifin lantarki
Aikace-aikacen MCU a cikin masana'antar kera motoci yana da faɗi sosai. Misali, teburin gaba shine aikace-aikace daga na'urorin haɗi na jiki, tsarin wuta, chassis, nishaɗin bayanin abin hawa, da tuƙi mai hankali. Tare da zuwan zamanin motocin lantarki masu wayo, buƙatun mutane na samfuran MCU zai fi ƙarfi.
Lantarki:
1. Tsarin sarrafa baturi BMSBMS yana buƙatar sarrafa caji da fitarwa, zazzabi, da daidaita baturi. Babban allon sarrafawa yana buƙatar MCU, kuma kowane na'ura na bawa kuma yana buƙatar MCU ɗaya;
2.Mai sarrafa abin hawa VCU: Gudanar da makamashin abin hawa na lantarki yana buƙatar haɓaka mai sarrafa abin hawa, kuma a lokaci guda an sanye shi da 32-bit high-end MCUs, wanda ya bambanta da tsare-tsaren kowace masana'anta;
3.Mai sarrafa inji/mai sarrafa akwatin gearbox: maye gurbin hannun jari, mai sarrafa inverter abin hawa na lantarki MCU madadin injin abin hawan mai. Saboda babban gudun motar, mai ragewa yana buƙatar ragewa. Mai sarrafa akwatin gearbox.
Hankali:
1. A halin yanzu, kasuwar mota ta cikin gida har yanzu tana cikin matakin shigar da sauri na L2. Daga cikakken farashi da la'akarin aiki, OEM yana haɓaka aikin ADAS har yanzu yana ɗaukar gine-ginen da aka rarraba. Tare da haɓaka ƙimar lodi, MCU na sarrafa bayanan firikwensin shima yana ƙaruwa daidai da haka.
2. Saboda karuwar yawan ayyuka na kokfit, rawar da manyan kwakwalwan kwamfuta na makamashi ke ƙara zama mafi mahimmanci, kuma matsayi na MCU daidai ya ƙi.
Sana'a
MCU da kanta tana da buƙatun fifiko don ikon sarrafa kwamfuta kuma ba shi da manyan buƙatu don ci gaba da aiwatarwa. A lokaci guda, ma'ajiyar da aka gina ta da kanta ita ma tana iyakance haɓakar tsarin MCU. Yi amfani da tsarin 28nm tare da samfuran MCU. Abubuwan ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin abin hawa sun fi wafer inch 8. Wasu masana'antun, musamman IDM, an fara dasa su akan dandamalin inci 12.
Hanyoyin 28nm na yanzu da 40nm sune manyan abubuwan kasuwa.
Kamfanoni na yau da kullun a gida da waje
Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da masana'antu -sa MCUs, MCU-matakin mota yana da buƙatu mafi girma dangane da yanayin aiki, aminci da sake zagayowar wadata. Bugu da ƙari Yana da wuya a shiga, don haka tsarin kasuwa na MCU yana da mahimmanci a gaba ɗaya. A cikin 2021, manyan kamfanoni biyar na MCU a duniya sun sami kashi 82%.
A halin yanzu, matakin mota na ƙasa na MCU har yanzu yana cikin lokacin gabatarwa, kuma sarkar samar da kayayyaki tana da babban yuwuwar sauya filaye da na cikin gida.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-08-2023
