Koyi waɗannan da'irori biyu, ƙirar PCB ba ta da wahala!

Me yasa koyan ƙirar da'irar wutar lantarki

Wurin samar da wutar lantarki wani muhimmin sashi ne na samfurin lantarki, ƙirar wutar lantarki yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da aikin samfurin.

Rarraba hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki

Wuraren wutar lantarki na samfuran mu na lantarki sun haɗa da samar da wutar lantarki na linzamin kwamfuta da manyan wutar lantarki mai sauyawa. A ka'idar, samar da wutar lantarki mai layi shine yawan halin yanzu mai amfani da ake bukata, shigarwar zai samar da nawa na yanzu; Canja wutar lantarki shine yawan wutar da mai amfani ke buƙata, da kuma nawa aka bayar a ƙarshen shigarwar.

Jadawalin da aka tsara na da'irar samar da wutar lantarki

Na'urorin wutar lantarki na layi suna aiki a cikin layi mai layi, irin su kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu sarrafa wutar lantarki da aka saba amfani da su LM7805, LM317, SPX1117 da sauransu. Hoto na 1 da ke ƙasa shine zane-zane na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na LM7805.

Hoto 1 Tsarin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki

Ana iya gani daga adadi cewa samar da wutar lantarki na linzamin ya ƙunshi kayan aikin aiki kamar gyarawa, tacewa, ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki da ajiyar makamashi. A lokaci guda kuma, babban layin wutar lantarki shine jerin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki, abin da ake fitarwa daidai yake da abin shigar yanzu, I1=I2+I3, I3 shine ƙarshen tunani, na yanzu yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, don haka I1≈I3 . Me yasa muke so muyi magana game da halin yanzu, saboda ƙirar PCB, ba a saita nisa na kowane layi ba da gangan, za'a ƙayyade gwargwadon girman halin yanzu tsakanin nodes a cikin tsari. Girman halin yanzu da gudana na yanzu ya kamata su bayyana don sanya allon daidai. 

Tsarin wutar lantarki na linzamin kwamfuta na PCB

Lokacin zayyana PCB, shimfidar abubuwan da aka haɗa ya kamata ya zama m, duk haɗin haɗin ya kamata ya zama gajere kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma abubuwan da aka haɗa da layukan ya kamata a shimfiɗa su bisa ga alaƙar aiki na abubuwan ƙira. Wannan zane na samar da wutar lantarki shine gyaran farko, sannan tacewa, tacewa shine tsarin wutar lantarki, tsarin wutar lantarki shine ma'aunin wutar lantarki, bayan ya ratsa ta capacitor zuwa wutar lantarki mai zuwa.

Hoto na 2 shine zane na PCB na zane-zane na sama, kuma zane-zane guda biyu suna kama da juna. Hoton hagu da hoton dama sun ɗan bambanta, ƙarfin wutar lantarki a hoton hagu yana kai tsaye zuwa ƙafar shigarwa na guntu mai sarrafa wutar lantarki bayan gyarawa, sannan na'urar sarrafa wutar lantarki, inda tasirin tace capacitor ya fi muni. , kuma fitarwa kuma yana da matsala. Hoton da ke hannun dama yana da kyau. Dole ne mu ba kawai la'akari da kwararar matsalar samar da wutar lantarki mai kyau ba, amma kuma dole ne mu yi la'akari da matsalar koma baya, a gaba ɗaya, ingantaccen layin wutar lantarki da layin baya na ƙasa ya kamata su kasance kusa da juna kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Hoto na 2 PCB zane na samar da wutar lantarki

A lokacin da zayyana mikakke ikon PCB, ya kamata mu kuma kula da zafi dissipation matsalar da ikon regulator guntu na mikakke ikon samar, yadda zafi zo, idan irin ƙarfin lantarki kayyade guntu gaban karshen ne 10V, da fitarwa karshen ne 5V. kuma abin da ake fitarwa a halin yanzu shine 500mA, sannan akwai raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na 5V akan guntu mai sarrafa, kuma zafin da aka haifar shine 2.5W; Idan wutar lantarkin shigarwar ta kasance 15V, raguwar ƙarfin lantarki shine 10V, kuma zafin da aka samar shine 5W, don haka, muna buƙatar ware isasshen sararin daɗaɗɗen zafi ko nutsewar zafi mai ma'ana gwargwadon ƙarfin watsawar zafi. Ana amfani da wutar lantarki ta layi gabaɗaya a cikin yanayi inda bambancin matsa lamba yayi ƙanƙanta kuma na yanzu yana da ƙanƙanta, in ba haka ba, da fatan za a yi amfani da da'irar samar da wutar lantarki.

Babban mitar sauyawar wutar lantarki da'ira misali dabara

Canja wutar lantarki shine yin amfani da kewayawa don sarrafa bututu mai sauyawa don kashewa mai sauri da yankewa, samar da nau'in raƙuman ruwa na PWM, ta hanyar inductor da diode mai ci gaba, yin amfani da canjin lantarki na hanyar daidaita ƙarfin lantarki. Canja wutar lantarki, babban inganci, ƙananan zafi, muna amfani da kewayawa gabaɗaya: LM2575, MC34063, SP6659 da sauransu. A ka'idar, wutar lantarki mai sauyawa daidai yake a dukkan bangarorin da'irar, wutar lantarki ta bambanta, kuma na yanzu yana da daidaituwa.

Hoto 3 Tsarin tsari na LM2575 mai sauya wutar lantarki

Tsarin PCB na sauya wutar lantarki

Lokacin zayyana PCB na wutar lantarki mai sauyawa, wajibi ne a kula da: wurin shigar da layin amsa da ci gaba da diode na yanzu shine wanda aka ba da ci gaba na yanzu. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga Hoto na 3, lokacin da aka kunna U1, I2 na yanzu yana shiga cikin inductor L1. Siffar inductor ita ce lokacin da na'urar ke gudana ta hanyar inductor, ba za a iya haifar da shi ba zato ba tsammani, kuma ba zai iya bace ba zato ba tsammani. Canjin halin yanzu a cikin inductor yana da tsarin lokaci. A karkashin aikin pulsed halin yanzu I2 da ke gudana ta hanyar inductance, wasu daga cikin makamashin lantarki suna canzawa zuwa makamashin magnetic, kuma a hankali na yanzu yana ƙaruwa, a wani lokaci, da'irar U1 tana kashe I2, saboda halaye na inductance, halin yanzu ba zai iya bace ba zato ba tsammani, a wannan lokacin diode yana aiki, yana ɗaukar I2 na yanzu, don haka ana kiran shi diode mai ci gaba, ana iya ganin cewa ana amfani da diode mai ci gaba don inductance. Ci gaba da ci gaba na yanzu I3 yana farawa daga mummunan ƙarshen C3 kuma yana gudana zuwa kyakkyawan ƙarshen C3 ta hanyar D1 da L1, wanda yayi daidai da famfo, ta amfani da makamashin inductor don ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki na capacitor C3. Haka kuma akwai matsalar wurin shigar da layin martani na gano wutar lantarki, wanda ya kamata a mayar da shi wurin bayan an tace, in ba haka ba ripple ɗin fitarwa zai fi girma. Yawancin masu zanen PCB ɗin mu suna yin watsi da waɗannan maki biyu sau da yawa, suna tunanin cewa hanyar sadarwa ɗaya ba ɗaya ba ce a can, a zahiri, wurin ba ɗaya bane, kuma tasirin aikin yana da kyau. Hoto 4 shine zane na PCB na LM2575 mai sauya wutar lantarki. Bari mu ga menene ba daidai ba tare da zane mara kyau.

Hoto 4 PCB zane na LM2575 mai sauya wutar lantarki

Me yasa muke so muyi magana game da ka'idar makirci daki-daki, saboda makircin ya ƙunshi bayanai da yawa na PCB, kamar madaidaicin madaidaicin fil ɗin, girman girman cibiyar sadarwa na yanzu, da dai sauransu, duba ƙirar, ƙirar PCB. ba matsala. Matsalolin LM7805 da LM2575 suna wakiltar da'irar da'irar shimfidar wuri na samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sauya wutar lantarki, bi da bi. Lokacin yin PCBS, shimfidawa da wayoyi na waɗannan zane-zane na PCB guda biyu suna kan layi kai tsaye, amma samfuran sun bambanta kuma allon kewayawa ya bambanta, wanda aka daidaita daidai da ainihin yanayin.

Duk canje-canjen ba su rabuwa, don haka ka'idar da'irar wutar lantarki da yadda allon yake, kuma kowane samfurin lantarki ba ya rabuwa da wutar lantarki da kewayensa, don haka, ku koyi da'irori biyu, ɗayan kuma an fahimta.