Yawancin ayyukan injiniyoyi na injiniyoyi an kammala su a kan ramin jirgin, amma akwai yanayin da ake dangantawa da haɗari da haɗari da haɗari na samar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke haifar da ƙonewa da yawa na kayan lantarki, har ma da duka allon ya lalace, kuma dole ne a sake weld, Ban san wace hanya mai kyau don warware shi ba?
Da farko, rashin kulawa ba makawa ne, ko da yake kawai don bambance wayoyi biyu masu kyau da marasa kyau, ja da baki, ana iya yin waya sau ɗaya, ba za mu yi kuskure ba; Haɗi goma ba za su yi kuskure ba, amma 1,000? Kusan 10,000 fa? A wannan lokacin yana da wuya a ce, saboda rashin kulawar da muka yi, wanda ya kai ga kona wasu kayan aikin lantarki da chips ɗin, babban dalili shi ne, abubuwan da ake da su a halin yanzu sun yi yawa sun lalace, don haka dole ne mu ɗauki matakan hana haɗin gwiwa. .
Akwai hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su:
01 diode jerin nau'in anti-reverse kariya kewaye
Ana haɗa diode na gaba a jeri a ingantaccen shigar da wutar lantarki don yin cikakken amfani da halayen diode na gudanarwar gaba da jujjuya yankewa. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, bututu na biyu yana gudanar da allon kewayawa.
Lokacin da aka juya wutar lantarki, diode ya yanke, wutar lantarki ba zai iya samar da madauki ba, kuma na'urar kewayawa ba ta aiki, wanda zai iya magance matsalar wutar lantarki yadda ya kamata.
02 Rectifier gada nau'in anti-reverse kariya kewaye
Yi amfani da gadar gyara don canza shigar da wutar lantarki zuwa shigarwar da ba ta polar ba, ko an haɗa wutar lantarki ko kuma tana juyawa, allon yana aiki akai-akai.
Idan silicon diode yana da matsa lamba na kusan 0.6 ~ 0.8V, diode germanium kuma yana da digon matsa lamba na kusan 0.2 ~ 0.4V, idan raguwar matsa lamba ya yi girma sosai, ana iya amfani da bututun MOS don maganin anti-reaction, matsi na bututun MOS yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, har zuwa ƴan milliohm, kuma raguwar matsa lamba kusan ba ta da kyau.
03 MOS tube anti-reverse kariya kewaye
MOS tube saboda aiwatar da ingantawa, nasa kaddarorin da sauran dalilai, ta gudanar da ciki juriya ne kananan, da yawa ne milliohm matakin, ko ma karami, sabõda haka, da kewaye irin ƙarfin lantarki drop, ikon asarar lalacewa ta hanyar kewaye ne musamman kananan, ko ma negligible. , don haka zaɓi MOS tube don kare kewaye shine hanyar da aka fi dacewa.
1) Kariyar NMOS
Kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa: A lokacin kunnawa, ana kunna diode parasitic na bututun MOS, kuma tsarin yana samar da madauki. Ƙimar tushen S shine kusan 0.6V, yayin da yuwuwar ƙofar G shine Vbat. Wutar wutar lantarki ta bututun MOS tana da matuƙar ƙarfi: Ugs = Vbat-Vs, ƙofar tana da tsayi, ds na NMOS yana kunne, diode mai ɗanɗano ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma tsarin yana samar da madauki ta hanyar samun damar ds na NMOS.
Idan wutar lantarki ta juya, wutar lantarki na NMOS shine 0, an yanke NMOS, an juyar da diode parasitic, kuma an katse kewaye, don haka samar da kariya.
2) Kariyar PMOS
Kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa: A lokacin kunnawa, ana kunna diode parasitic na bututun MOS, kuma tsarin yana samar da madauki. Mahimmancin tushen S shine game da Vbat-0.6V, yayin da yuwuwar ƙofar G shine 0. Wutar buɗewar wutar lantarki na bututun MOS yana da matuƙar: Ugs = 0 - (Vbat-0.6), ƙofar yana nuna matakin ƙananan matakin. , ds na PMOS yana kunne, diode parasitic diode gajere ne, kuma tsarin yana samar da madauki ta hanyar samun damar ds na PMOS.
Idan wutar lantarki ta juya baya, ƙarfin lantarki na NMOS ya fi 0, an yanke PMOS, an juyar da diode parasitic, kuma an katse kewaye, don haka samar da kariya.
Lura: NMOS tubes string ds zuwa ga mummunan lantarki, PMOS tubes string ds zuwa ingantacciyar wutar lantarki, kuma jagorar diode parasitic yana zuwa daidai hanyar haɗin yanzu.
Samun damar D da S na bututun MOS: yawanci lokacin da ake amfani da bututun MOS tare da tashar N, na yanzu gabaɗaya yana shiga daga sandar D kuma yana fitowa daga sandar S, PMOS ya shiga kuma D yana fita daga S. sandarka, kuma akasin haka gaskiya ne idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan kewaye, yanayin ƙarfin lantarki na bututun MOS yana haɗuwa ta hanyar sarrafa diode parasitic.
Za a kunna bututun MOS gabaɗaya muddin an kafa wutar lantarki mai dacewa tsakanin sandunan G da S. Bayan gudanarwa, kamar yadda ake rufewa tsakanin D da S, kuma na yanzu shine juriya ɗaya daga D zuwa S ko S zuwa D.
A aikace-aikace na aikace-aikace, G pole gabaɗaya ana haɗa shi tare da resistor, kuma don hana faɗuwar bututun MOS, ana iya ƙara diode mai sarrafa wutar lantarki. Capacitor da aka haɗa a layi daya zuwa mai rabawa yana da tasirin farawa mai laushi. A daidai lokacin da wutar lantarki ta fara kwarara, ana cajin capacitor kuma ana gina wutar lantarkin sandar G a hankali.
Don PMOS, idan aka kwatanta da NOMS, ana buƙatar Vgs ya zama mafi girma fiye da ƙarfin wuta. Saboda wutar lantarki na buɗewa na iya zama 0, bambancin matsa lamba tsakanin DS ba shi da girma, wanda ya fi NMOS fa'ida.
04 Kariyar Fuse
Ana iya ganin yawancin kayayyakin lantarki na yau da kullun bayan buɗe sashin samar da wutar lantarki tare da fuse, a cikin wutar lantarki ta juya baya, akwai ɗan gajeren kewayawa a cikin kewaye saboda babban halin yanzu, sannan fis ɗin ya busa, yana taka rawa wajen kare kariya. kewaye, amma wannan hanyar gyarawa da sauyawa ya fi damuwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-10-2023
